记得学习巴金散文朋友英译赏析
七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。下面是分享的英译散《朋友》赏析，欢迎大家阅读!
巴金
Ba Jin
这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义，这个名词就是：朋友。
七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。说过这些话，我第二天就离开了那个朋友，并不知道以后还有没有机会再见他。但是他给我的那一点点温暖至今还使我的心颤动。
On my recent travels, I came to realize still more fully the significance of the word “friend”.
Seven or eight days ago, I said to a friend whom I had just come to know, “I can’t help feeling embarrassed before my friends. You’re all so nice to me. I simply don’t know how to repay your kindness.” I did not make this remark out of mere modesty and courtesy. I truly meant what I said. The next day, I said goodbye to this friend, not knowing if I could ever see him again. But the little warmth that he gave me has been keeping my heart throbbing with gratitude.
要点：
1，在翻译“这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义”时，译者再一次无情地抛弃了我们最常用的make君，将“我”作为主语，串联起整个句子，fully realize意为“充分理解”，still 在此的作用是加强比较级，意为“还要，更”没错我们的行文奏是这么有感情~
2，“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧”中的“惭愧”意为“不好意思”而不是”“羞愧”，因此译为embarrassed，此外还有ill at ease也可表示此意。
3，“谦虚的客气话”= out of mere modesty and courtesy
4，“使我的心颤动”译为keeping my heart throbbing(跳动，抽动，悸动) with gratitude，其中with gratitude是增加成分哦，原文虽然没有明说，但是有这个意思，因此，文学翻译时，作者的言外之意也是非常重要滴，就像是高中时做的阅读理解~
我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是就友情。我应该感谢它，因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。
The length of my days will not be unlimited. However, whenever I look back on my brief past life, I find a beacon illuminating my soul and thereby lending a little brightness to my being. That beacon is friendship. I should be grateful to it because it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.
要点:
1，“在短促的过去的回顾中”=在我回顾自己短暂的一生时，译为whenever I look back on my brief past life，其中look back on意为“回顾，回首”，此外它的小伙伴in retrospect(回顾过去)出镜率也很高,因为这个词在文学翻译中灰常常见哦，毕竟有一种文叫“回忆性散文”嘛~
2，lend to常见意为“借给，贷款给…”此处表示“增添，添加;赋予…以…”
3，being在此意为“诞生，存在，出现”，如We do not know when the universe came into being.我们不知道宇宙何时开始存在。
4，“靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它”句中，两个分句都出现了“它”可考虑串成一个句子，避免it重复出现。译为it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.在说法上，将“靠了它我才…”转换为“它帮助我,,,”
世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业……
Many people forsake their friends in favor of their own families, or at least draw a line of demarcation between families and friends, considering the former to be many times more important than the latter. That seems to be a matter of course. I have also seen with my own eyes how some people abandon their friends as well as their own careers soon after they get married…
要点：
1，“抛弃”的高级说法=forsake, leave 也是一个很文艺的说法，此外还有我们熟悉的abandon~
2， in favor of 意为“支持，赞同”但是，do sth in favor of sth 就有“决定选择某物而不选择某物”之意了~如：Plans for a tunnel were rejected in favor of a bridge.(修建隧道的计划被否决，选择了桥)
Favor的其他用法，也要引起重视~，常见的有come back in favor(重获青睐)，in sb’s favor (对某人有利)，do sb no favors=don’t do sb any favor (对…没有一点好处)，do sb a favor(帮某人忙)
3，“把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍”译为considering the former to be many times more important than the latter，此处注意倍数的表达“数量+比较级+than”~而且译者用former 和latter，避免了“家庭，朋友”这两个词的重复出现，体现了英文多代词的特点~
朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道。
Friends are transient whereas family are lasting—that is the tenet, as I know, guiding the behavior of many people. To me, that is utterly inconceivable. Without friends, I would have been reduced to I don’t know what a miserable creature.
要点：
1，说一下高级的转折词whereas，意为“鉴于，然而，反之”多用于正式文体哦，写作中也常会用到~如：He said Kyoto was about setting a framework, whereas Copenhagen is an attempt to get every country involved.
他说京都是建立一个框架，而哥本哈根是力*使每个国家都参与进来。
2，“要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道。”译为Without friends, I would have been reduced to I don’t know what a miserable creature.其中又出现了reduce啊有木有，从《背影》的“reduced circumstances(光景惨淡)”到《我坐了木船》的“reduce to(被迫从事)”再到如今的be reduced to(沦落为，沦落到)，reduce在表示“落魄”和“惨”方面的伟大作用真是无可替代~~~
3，句法上注意最后一句，翻译时要用虚拟语气~表示对现在的虚拟，中文对时态要求并不明显，但在英文中要明确地体现出来
然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨。
Friends are my saviors. They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me. Thanks to their fraternal love, assistance and encouragement, I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge. They have been enormously generous towards me.
要点：
1，fraternal 意为“兄弟般的，兄弟间的”，同义的还有brotherly, friendly ,sibling~
2，“他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西”译为They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me. 其中which it is beyond my family to give是定语从句，修饰things，而which这个关系代词又是to give 的宾语，to give which又是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。其实这句话可以写成两个句子：①They give me things 。②To give the things is beyond my family .注意此处beyond 君在这里又粗现啦~还记得《我坐了木船》中表示“不能做某事”的用法吗?
2，“几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来”译为I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge，译者增译了动词(坠入深渊)使行文更加明确，很好地体现了把原文中的修辞意~值得借鉴和学习
3，time and again=再次，多次，之前也有过相关说法的总结，如：again and again, time after time, repeatedly~
3，“他们对我表示了无限的慷慨。”中“无限的慷慨”译为enormously generous，其中enormously=extremely, exceedingly(非常，极其)~
我的生活曾经是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话，我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我的身上。对于我，他们太慷慨了。
There was a time when my life was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love, joy and tears—things essential for existence. It is due to their bountiful free gifts that I also have my share of warmth and happiness in my life. I accepted their kindnesses quietly without ever saying a word of thanks and without ever doing anything in return. In spite of that, my friends never used the epithet “self-centered” when referred to me. They are only too generous towards me.
要点：
1，“多量的”就是大量的.，此处译为In large quantity，如：we will order in large quantity man's shirts.(我们将大量订购男式衬衫)
童鞋们~是时候摆脱a lot of了
2，“这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福”译为It is due to their bountiful free gifts that I also have my share of warmth and happiness in my life.运用强调句，说明正是这些朋友慷慨的帮助，才让我的生活发生了变化。my share of意为“我(也有)的一份”用以表达原文中“也”的内涵
3，经过本段，我们大概可以给这篇文章的高频词“慷慨”做一个总结了——generous, bountiful,本段“慷慨”以名词形式出现时意思接近于“礼物，馈赠”，因此译者翻译为了gift~联系上下文语境是灰常重要的!!!
4，本段那些用于加强语气的副词也值得积累，比如ever(用于否定句表不曾)，还有之后会出现的only too(很，非常)=all too(非常，简直太。。。)如: I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further.我非常欢迎你再来信。
这一次我走了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙着看，忙着听，忙着说，忙着走。但是我不曾遇到一点困难，朋友们给我准备好了一切，使我不会缺少什么。我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。
I visited many new places and met new friends on my recent trip. My time was mostly taken up by looking around, listening, talking and walking. But I never ran into any trouble because my friends had done their utmost to make sure that I would be short of nothing. Whatever new places I called at, I always felt at home as if I were back in my old residence in Shanghai which had been already been raged to the ground by Japanese troops.
要点：
1,“忙于做某事”又出新表述one’s time be taken up by doing
2，do one’s utmost意为“尽最大努力做某事”如：Whether win or not, the athletes have done their utmost.
无论输赢，运动员们都尽了最大努力。
3, 看这句“我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。”对!巴金老先生用这么多的“我”就不叫病句!但是你在翻译时就不能这么说!!译一个就好了~有很多名家的散文中用的语言在现在看来都是“不合法”的，但你要转换成合乎当代语法规则的表述。
每一个朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎样苦，怎样简单，也要慷慨地分一些东西给我，虽然明知道我不能够报答他。有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。
No matter how hard up and frugal my friends themselves were, they would unstintingly share with me whatever they had, although they knew I would not be able to repay them for their kindness. Some, whom I did not even know by name, showed concern over my health and went about inquiring after me. It was not until they saw my suntanned face and arms that they began to smile a smile of relief. All that was enough to move one to tears.
要点：
1， hard up(拮据的，手头紧的)，frugal(节约的节省的)这里我们要注意它的同义词兄弟们：thrifty(也有兴旺的的含义),sparing, stingy(小气的，吝啬的)，economical(经济的，实惠的，节约的),但是，在时政翻译中经常出现的“资源节约型社会”译为energy-saving/conserving~
2， 上一节表示慷慨的有bountiful, generous，现在unstintingly也可以加入这套豪华午餐了~
3，concern也是翻译中常见的一个词，此处show concern over sth 中concern 意为“关心，关切”如：He said school safety was a special concern of his organization.
他说学校安全是他的组织特别关心的事。
4，问起的健康情况;问起某人的生活等情况;打听=inquire after sb
有人相信我不写文章就不能够生活。两个月以前，一个同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话。他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。这是不确实的。这次旅行就给我证明;即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁。
Some people believe that, without writing, I would lose my livelihood. One of my sympathizers, in an article published two months ago in the Guangzhou Republic Daily Supplement, gives a full account of the conditions of my life. He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen. That is not true at all. It has already been proved by recent travels that my friends would never let me suffer from cold and hunger even if I should go without writing a single word.
要点：
1，without writing, I would lose my livelihood.注意此处又是虚拟语气，
“不能够生活“=lose one’s livelihood，其中livelihood 译为“赚钱谋生的手段，生计”如：superstition employed deceptive, but money is the use of these activities as a means of livelihood.
迷信职业者不过是利用这些活动骗人钱财，作为一种谋生的手段。
一些政经类文章也把“民生”译为people’s livelihood~
2, “说了许多关于我的生活的话”意为“对我的生活情况作了全面描述”，因此译为give a full account of~大师转换说法的水平真是一流的~
3, “他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。”译为He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.其中“一天…第二天就…”在英文中用once表达即可。
4，“不写作”译为lay down my pen,
5，“没有饭吃”，采取意译法，译为have nothing to live on
世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切。靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。
There are a great many kind-hearted people in the world who never attach undue importance to themselves and their own families and who never place themselves and their families above anything else. It is owing to them that I still survive and shall continue to survive for a long time to come.
要点：
1， 这里的慷慨又根据语境译为kind-hearted~
2， “他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切”中的“超过一切”是来修饰“重要”的程度的，译文中将它们译成了两个定语从句，即who never attach undue importance to themselves and their own families and who never place themselves and their families above anything else
3， “把…看得重要”即“重视…”这个词在政府工作报告等非文学的翻译中也很常见，除了attach importance to之外，还可以用pay attention to, take…seriously; give priority to; put value on等表达。
4， “靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。”其中的“靠了”意即“由于”，译为owe to,另外译者用了强调句型，意在突出“正是依靠朋友的帮助”这层含义。之前也有一句话中出现了“靠了”这个词，即“因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它”，在这个句子中“因为”=“靠了”，只取其一译为because it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.
5， for a long time to come意为“在今后很长的一段时间里”,这种带有“to come”的表述也是很常见~比如“在将来”怎么说?in the future?高级一点!in times to come!
朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了。我将怎样报答他们呢?但是我知道他们是不需要报答的。
最近我在一个法国哲学家的书里读到了这样的话：“生命的一个条件就是消费……世间有一种不能跟生存分开的慷慨，要是没有了它，我们就会死，就会从内部干枯。我们必须开花。道德，无私心就是人生的花。”
I owe my friends many, many kindnesses. How can I repay them? But, I understand, they don’t need me to do that.
Recently I came across the following words in a book by a French philosopher:
One condition of life is consumption… Survival in this world is inseparable from generosity, without which we would perish and become dried-up from within. We must put forth flowers. Moral integrity and unselfishness are the flowers of life.
要点：
1，“朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了。”=“我欠朋友的东西太多了”，译为I owe my friends many, many kindnesses.注意这里owe表示“欠(债，账)的用法。此外文中中的“东西”主要是指“帮助”侧重在精神方面，虽然也可译为things,,但不如kindness(=kind acts )贴切。
2，come across表偶然遇到，无意中发现，它可在不同语境下有多种引申义，如：
1)You've probably read some of these books, or at least come across major personal development ideas in magazines or online.(可能你已经读过其中一些书，或者至少在杂志或网上浏览过主要的个人发展观点)。
2)Perhaps I shall come across him in France.(也许我会在法国 遇见他)。
3，我们通常接触到的within,是其作为副词的含义，其实它也可以作为名词，意为“内部”，了解一个词的全部含义是多么重要。
在我的眼前开放着这么多的人生的花朵了。我的生命要到什么时候才会开花?难道我已经是“内部干枯”了吗?
一个朋友说过：“我若是灯，我就要用我的光明来照彻黑暗。”
我不配做一盏明灯。那么就让我做一块木柴罢。我愿意把我从太阳那里受到的热放散出来，我愿意把自己烧得粉身碎骨给人间添一点点温暖。
Now so many flowers of life are in full bloom before my eyes. When can my life put forth flowers? Am I already dried-up from within?
A friend of mine says, “If I were a lamp, I would illuminate darkness with my light.”
I, however, don’t qualify for a bright lamp. Let me be a piece of firewood instead. I’ll radiate the heat that I have absorbed from the sun. I’ll burn myself to ashes to provide this human world with a little warmth.
要点：
1，“难道我已经是“内部干枯”了吗?”是偶们之前说过的反问句。反问句一般有三种译法：译成一般疑问句，译成特殊疑问句，译为否定句。此处译成了一般疑问句~
2,put forth意为“长出(花，芽，叶)”如：At this time of the year all the chestnut trees put forth blossoms.每年这个时候栗子树都开花了。这个词的用处也很广，可以表示“发表，出版，提出”也可以表示“发挥”。
3,“不配做”意即“没有资格做”，译文用了qualify for,这个表述也很常见，可用be entitled to, be eligible for，如三笔实务中的一句“他们却不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保障”译为they were not entitled to the basic medical service as urban people were.
巴金经典美文阅读
据说“至人无梦”。幸而我只是一个平庸的人。
It is said that "a virtuous man seldom dream". Fortunately, I am but an ordinary man.
我有我的梦中世界，在那里我常常见到你。
I dream my own dream, in which I often meet you.
昨夜又见到你那慈祥的笑容了
Last night I again saw your kindly smiling face.
还是在我们那个老家，在你的房间里，在我的房间里，你亲切地对我讲话。你笑，我也笑。
It was the same old home of ours. You talked to me cordially now in your room, now in my room. You smiled and I also smiled.
还是成都的那些旧街道，我跟着你一步一步地走过平坦的石板路，我望着你的朋友 ，心里安慰地想:父亲还很康健呢。一种幸福的感觉使我的全身发热了。我那时不会知道我是在梦中，也忘记了二十五年来的艰苦日子。
It was the same old streets of Chengdu. I followed you step by step on the smooth flagstones. Looking at you from behind, I inwardly consoled myself with the thought that father was still hale and hearty. A sensation of blissfulness warmed me up all over.I was unaware that I was in a dream. I also forgot the hardships I had gone through
during the past 25 years.
在戏园里，我坐在你旁边，看台上的武戏，你还详细地给我解释剧中情节。我变成二十几年前的孩子了。我高兴，我没有挂虑地微笑，我不假思索地随口讲话。我想不道我在很短的时间以后就会失掉你，失掉这一切。
While I sat beside you inside a theater watching the fighting scenes of Peking opera,you explained its story to me in great detail.I was again the small kid of 25 years before. I was joyful, I smiles, I chattered away freely. I did not have the slightest inkling that you together with everything else would in a moment vanish out of sight.
然而睁开眼睛，我只是一个人，四周就只有滴滴的雨声。房里是一片黑暗。
When I opened my eyes, I found that I was all by myself and nothing was heardexcept the pit-a-pat of rain drops.
没有笑，没有话语。只有雨声:滴一一滴一一滴。
No more smile, no more chitchat. Only the drip drip drip of rain.
我用力把眼睛睁大，我撩开蚊帐，我在漆黑的空间中找寻你影子。
Forcing my eyes to open wider and drawing aside the mosquito net, I began to search for you in the pitch darkness.
但是从两扇开着的小窗，慢慢地透进来灰白色的亮光，使我的眼睛看见了这个空阔的房间。
A greyish light, nevertheless, edged in through two small windows to enable me to see the spacious room.
没有你，没有你的微笑。有的是寂寞、单调。雨一直滴一一滴地下着。
You and your smile were no more. Only loneliness and monotony remained. The rain kept pitter-pattering.
我唤你，没有回应。我侧耳倾听，没有脚声。我静下来，我的心m rn呼地跳动。我听见自己的心的声音。
I called to you, but no response. I listened attentively, but heard no footsteps. I quieted down, my heart beating hard. I could hear its thumping.
我的心在走路，它慢慢地走过了二十五年，一直到这个夜晚。
My heart had been tramping along all the time. Up to now, it had been on its slow journey for 25 years.
我于是闭了嘴，我知道你不会再站到我的面前。二十五年前我失掉了你。我从无父的孩子己经长成一个中年人了。
Thereupon I kept my mouth shut. I knew you would never appear standing before me.I had lost you 25 years before. Since then, I had grown from a fatherless child into a middle-aged man.
雨声继续着，长夜在滴滴声中进行。我的心感到无比的寂寞。怎么，是屋漏么?我的脸颊湿了。小时候我有一个愿望:我愿在你的庇荫下做一世的孩子。现在只有让梦来满足这个愿望了。
The rain continued to fall. The long night wore on amidst its dripping sound. I wasseized with acute loneliness. Well, was the roof leaking? Or was it my tears that had wetted my cheeks?When I was young, I wished I could remain a kid forever under your wing. Now I canfulfil this wish only in my dreams.
至少在梦里，我可以见到你，我高兴，我没有挂虑地微笑，我不假思索地随口讲话。为了这个，我应该感谢梦。
There in a dream, I can at least come face to face with you. I can be happy, I can smile naive smiles, I can chatter away freely. For all this, I should be thankful to my dreams.