记得学习中西方礼仪差异英文阅读
中国和西方人之间的文化不同的理由之一是文化的'背景。 在春秋战国时期出现了孔子思想，道教和其他的观念学。当发展的不同观念彼此碰撞时,中国文明的基本结构建立了起来。下面是整理的中西方礼仪差异英文阅读的内容，一起来看看吧。
中西方的文化礼仪一直以来都为人们所关注，但你去到西方国家时，可要记得这些西方礼仪哦。
with china entry the wto and will hold the olympic games in 2008, the relationship between china and western in politics, economy, culture will become more and more close. it is undoubtedly that the etiquette will play an important role in this process. to the definition of etiquette, china and western have a different understanding. as chinese thinks that the etiquette is the common behavior standards that all the members must obey, and its purpose is to keep the normal living order of the society. in ancient china, a famous philosopher thinks that etiquette is a principal to deal with the relationship between man and supernatural beings, man and ghosts, man and men. there are also many words about etiquette in english. for example, courtesy which means courteous behavior, good manners; protocol which means system of rules governing formal occasion, e .g, meetings, between governments, diplomats, etc. and these words are all from the same french word etiquette. of course, more spread and more profound cultural comment of the western etiquette is from the classical period, i.e., old athens and roma culture. today, etiquette become the reflection and manifestation of one country's politics, economy, culture in people's social contact. and it include the principal and moral that people should obey in daily life. etiquette formed in the process of the deposition of culture and social contact. so every nation have their own etiquette standard which created with the spirit of this their nation. because of this formed the cultural difference between different nations. as languages is the carrier of the human culture. this difference must reflect in the language of different nations. so in the following, we will take china, british and america as the representation of western, to look at some cultural difference in etiquette, and then analyze the reasons. furthermore, we will discuss how to learn western culture.
1.greeting and parting
when people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other. the purpose of greeting is to establish or maintain social contact. so formulaic expressions are often used, but such formulaic expressions often causes conflict because of the great cultural differences between chinese and native english speakers. in english, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other
"good morning/evening/afternoon.
"fine day, isn't it?
"how is everything going?
" have you eaten yet?
" what are you going to do?
" where have you been?" etc.
westerners treat them as real question. while in chinese, we always say "你吃了吗?""你上哪里去?""你干什么去?"to show our consideration. parting may be divided into two steps. before the final prating, there is usual a leave-taking. western and chinese cultures have diverse ways to deal with leave-takings.
firstly, in english society, during the closing phase of an encounter, from "i" perspective, reasons for terminating the encounter are presented in mitigatory comments. typ.9136.com/1cments are associated with expressions of apology,such as "i" am afraid i must be off, i have to relieve the baby-sitter" etc.
2..addressing
both western and chinese people have two kinds of personal names---a surname and a given name. but the order and the use of these names in the two languages are somewhat different. in chinese, the surname comes first and then the given name. and people like add"小"before their family name. such as"小王"、"小郑"、"小李"、"小徐"and so on.. while westerners names are written and spoken withthe given name first and the family name last. so john smith's family name is smith, not john.
in a formal setting, address men as "mister" (abbreviated as "mr."), married women as "misses" (abbreviated as "mrs."), and unmarried women as "miss" (abbreviated as "ms."). these days many women prefer to be addressed using the abbreviations "ms." or "m.", pronounced "miz". if the person has an m.d. or ph.d., they will often be addressed as "doctor" (abbreviated as "dr."). faculty are addressed as "professor" (abbreviated as "prof.").in an informal situation, westerners will introduce each other by first name, without titles, and occasionally by just the last name. if you are introduced to somebody by first name, you can address him or her by first name the next time you meet. the only exception would be for someone who holds an important position, such as the university president or provost. unless they tell you otherwise, faculty should be addressed using their title and last name (e.g., "professor smith"). when in doubt, use the formal manner of address, since it is better to err on the side of formality.it is also appropriate to ask how they prefer to be addressed. children should always address adults in the formal fashion, using their title and last name.
another difference is about the form of addressing. from the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, forms of addressing can serve as an indication of the relationship of power and solidarity in the society. in calling their superiors or elders, the chinese are accustomed to the nonreciprocal or asymmetrical addressing, in other words. they use "title +surname" to address their superior or elders rather than call them surnames, while the superior or elders call the addressers their names. the chinese tend to abide by the polite principle of depreciating oneself and respecting others to show appropriate respects towards the persons being addressed, otherwise, the addresser may be considered as ill mannered, ill educated or rude. but in english speaking countries, people have a tendency to follow the reciprocal or symmetrical addressing. although they are different in age and status, they can call the other directly, namely, their names, even first names except when they call the doctors, not arousing offence between them, but demonstrating the sense of intimacy and the conception of" everyone is created equal". chinese people feel unnatural addressing a westerner by his given name, feeling that it indicates too close a relationship, and westerners, on the other hand,may feel that if a chinese insists on using his surname, it indicates an unwillingness to be friendly and maintains a gap between them. so the use of forms like" miss mary" or "mr. smith " may be a chinese forms of compromise. with miss mary, the use of the given name indicates friendliness, but the addition of the title indicates the respect they feel they ought to show. and with smith, the lack of a title indicates friendliness, but the use of the surname prevents if sounding too intimate. however, both addressing used by the chinese sound very strange and uncomfortable to the westerner.
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